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COPYRIGHTED 

1917 

Bp W. E. EVERITT 



Scientific Methods 

OF 

Tempering Steel 



Compounds 

For Welding and Restoring Burnt Steel 

Compounds 

For Hardening Steel 
Case Hardening 

Hardening Solutions 

For Chills 

For Ball Bearings 

Compound 
For Welding Copper 



BY 
W. E. £VERITT 



•TS 3 






MAY -2 1917 






NUMBER 1 

Tempering edge tools of all kinds — 
pocket knives, draw knives, spoke- 
shaves, adze, axes, wood planers, wood 
chisels, planer blades, hatchets, spoke 
augers, and all wood cutting tools. 

Harden in Hot Linseed Oil. 

Draw them to a Red and Blue. 

NUMBER 2 

Tempering tools for boring iron or 
steel — drills, bits, nippers, wire cut- 
ters, butcher's cleavers, blacksmith 
hammers, center punches, bolt cutters. 

Harden in Hot Linseed Oil. 

Draw them to a Dark Red or Wine 
Color. 

NUMBER 3 

Tempering chisels for chipping pur- 
poses — keyseat chisels and boiler mak- 
er's punches. 

Harden them in Oil. 

Draw them to Blue, Repeat 3 or 4 
times on the Red. 

NUMBER 4 

Tempering marble cutter's tools — 
shears for cutting iron or steel or hard 
metals. 

Harden them in Linseed Oil. 

Draw them to a Copper Color. 



NUMBER 5 

Spring tempering — auto springs, 
wagon and buggy springs, all kinds of 
elliptic springs. 

Harden them in Linseed Oil or 
Water. 

Temper by Flash. 

This can only be done when oil has 
been used in hardening. After plung- 
ing the spring in the oil return it to 
the furnace. When a blue flame ap- 
pears hugging the metal, which is at 
about 600 deg. F., take it from the fur- 
nace and allow it to cool in the air. 
Do not put it back in oil or water. 
Small springs can be hardened in 
Hard Tallow or a bar of yellow Soap. 
Flash tempering is the best method 
and is more reliable than water tem- 
pering. 

NUMBER 6 

Tempering cold chisels such as 
track chisels and all-round chisels for 
general use. 

Harden them in Water or Oil, ac- 
cording to size of tool. 

Draw them to Blue, Repeat on the 
Red 3 or 4 times for tough tools. 

NUMBER 7 

Tempering stone cutter's tools such 
as tooth chisels, points and tools used 



• dressing limestone or other build- 
j stone of the same nature. 
Harden in Hot Linseed Oil. 
Draw them to a Blue. 

NUMBER 8 

Tempering rock drills, both heavy 
: i light stone hammers, stone picks, 
ne sledges and other tools used in 
:k quarries. 

Harden them in Oil or Water. 
Draw them to a Gold and Red or 
Peacock Blue. 
Repeat on the color for Tough Tools. 

NUMBER 9 

Tempering razors for barber's use. 
Harden them in Hot Linseed Oil. 
Draw them to a Gold Color. 

NUMBER 10 

Tempering taps for thread cutting. 
Harden them in Hot Linseed Oil. 
Draw them to Bronze Color. 

NUMBER 11 

Tempering dies for thread cutting. 
Harden in Linseed. Oil. 
Draw to a Dark Gold or Copper 
Color. 

NUMBER 12 
Tempering reamers for machine 
shops. 
Harden in Hot Linseed Oil. 
Draw to a Gold and Red, Mix Colors. 



NUMBER 13 

Tempering dirks, knives, lances 
probes, physician's knives. 
Harden in Hot Linseed Oil. 
Draw to a Bright Red. 

NUMBER 14 

Tempering boring tools, minim 
tools, mill cutters, glass cutters, glas 
bits, files, butcher's steels, hack saws 
lettering tools used with a great degre 
of hardness. 

Harden in Hot Linseed Oil. 

Draw to no color at all. 

NUMBER 15 

Tempering lathe tools, planer took 
and tools used for turning iron or stee 
and other metals. 

Harden in Hot Linseed Oil. 

Draw to a Light Straw. 

NUMBER 16 

Tempering grub hoes, coal picki 
coal augers and tools used in dus 
farrier's knives, etc. 

Harden in Linseed Oil. 

Draw to Blue No. 1. 

NUMBER 17 

Tempering butcher knives, brea 
knives, carving knives, paring knivt 
a;id table cutlery. 

Harden in Hot Linseed Oil. 

Draw to Blue No. 2. 



NUMBER 18 

Chemical tempering for tools that 
mist be 10 or 15 degrees harder than 
)il or water can make them. 

Harden in Quick Silver. 

Draw No Temper at all. 

NUMBER 19 

Welding flux for welding tool steel. 

Fine Salt % part 

Clay % part 

Use like you would Sand. 

NUMBER 20 

Receipt for welding high grade 
steel, and restoring burnt steel. 

Borax 1 lb. 

Carbonate of Iron 2 oz. 

Black Oxide of Manganese 3 oz. 

Mix well and use like Borax. 

NUMBER 21 

WELDING HIGH SPEED STEEL 

Charred Borax 1 lb. 

Carbonate of Iron 3 oz. 

Use like Borax. 

NUMBER 22 

"Welding Bessemer and Openhearth 
steel. 

Clean Sand 5 lbs. 

Powdered Sulphate of Iron 3 oz. 

Black Oxide Manganese 3 oz. 

Table Salt 4 oz. 

Use like Borax. 



NUMBER 23 

WELDING COPPER TUBING 

Equal parts of Fine Table Salt and 
Borax. 

NUMBER 24 

TO DRILL CHILLED CAST IRON 

First heat the part where it is to be 
drilled red hot, place a ferrule or nut 
over the part to be drilled fill it with 
brimstone. When the metal is cold it 
will be soft enough to drill. 

NUMBER 25 

HARDENING COMPOUND 

Carbonate of Soda 1 oz. 

Cyanide of Potash 1 oz. 

Carbonate of Potash 1 oz. 

Heat the tool red hot. Sprinkle this 
on the tool and return it to the fire 
for a few seconds. Plunge it in solu- 
tion. This will be very hard. 

NUMBER 26 

HARDENING COMPOUND FOR CAST 
IRON TOOLS 

Salt 2 OZ. 

Saltpeter % lb. 

Alum i/ 2 lb. 

Salt of Tartar *4 oz. 

Cyanide of Potash 1 oz. 

Carbonate of Ammonia 6 oz. 

Pulverize all together. Sprinkle it 
on the tool, plunge it in water. Draw 
no temper. 



NUMBER 27 

CASE HARDENING FOR TOOLS 
Heat the steel red hot, sprinkle the 
following on the tool and plunge in 
water. 

Pulverized Cyanide Potassium. 
Pulverized Prussiate of Potash. 
(This is Poison.) 

NUMBER 28 

HARDENING SOLUTION 

Corrosive Sublimate 3 oz. 

Salt 6 lbs. 

Soft Water 4 gals. 

(This Solution is Poison.) 

NUMBER 29 

HARDENING SOLUTION 

Sal Ammoniae 6 oz. 

Corrosive Sublimate 3 oz. 

Soft Water 4 gals. 

For all kinds of tools draw the tem- 
per as desired. 

(This is Poison.) 

NUMBER 30 

HARDENING SOLUTION 

Saltpeter 1 lb. 

Prussiate of Potash 3 lbs. 

Citric Acid 2 lbs. 

Carbonate of Iron 2 lbs. 

Salt 50 lbs. 

Soft Water 30 gals. 

This is one of the very best known. 



NUMBER 31 

Chills for cones, plates, ball bearings 
and other tools that must be chilled. 

Aqua Ammonia 2 oz. 

Common Soda 2 oz. 

Common Salt 15 lbs. 

To one barrel of water, heat and 
cool off in the solution for a chill. 

NUMBER 32 

ANGLE IRON RING 

Outside ring with flange on the out- 
side. 

Multiply the diameter by 3.1416, add 
twice the width of flange to circum- 
ference, which will give the length; 
cut bevel of half the width of flange 
on both ends on the inside flange. 

NUMBER 33 

ANGLE IRON RING 

Inside Eing, Flange on Inside. 

Find circumference as usual (mul- 
tiply diameter by 3.1416) deduct 
twice the width of flange, cut bevel on 
each end half the width of flange. 

NUMBER 34 

STEEL ANGLE OUTSIDE RING 

Find circumference as usual, to this 
add two and one-half times the width 
of the flange, cut bevel the same as 
iron, one half the width of flange. 



NUMBER 35 

STEEL ANGLE INSIDE RING 

Deduct only twice the width of 
ange. Steel will not gather like iron. 

NUMBER 36 

ORWAY IRON, ANGLE OUTSIDE RING 

Add three times the width of flange 
:ter finding the circumference. 

NUMBER 37 

NORWAY IRON, ANGLE INSIDE RING 
Find the circumference as usual, 
3duct two and one-half the width of 
le flange. 

NUMBER 38 

TEMPERING HIGH SPEED STEEL 

Care should be taken in bringing it 
i the proper heat, about 2000 to 2200 
agrees Fahrenheit. White heat before 
lenching. The above heat will not 
jure the steel. 

For cooling, air blast, water and oil 
'e used. 

NUMBER 39 

NNEALING CARBON STEEL IN WATER 

Heat the steel to a dark red. When 
le red is passing off, hold the steel in 
dark place ; when you see a dark red 
unge it in plain water or soap suds, 
his will make it very soft. 



NUMBER 40 

ANNEALING SMALL PIECES OF HIGH 
SPEED STEEL IN WATER 

First heat the piece gradually and 
uniformly to a temperature of 750 
degrees Fahrenheit. When this tem- 
perature is reached it should be 
plunged into a bath of pure water 
which was previously heated to a tem- 
perature of 150 degrees Fahrenheit. 
Permit the steel to cool to the tem- 
perature of the bath when it will ba 
ready to work. 

NUMBER 41 

Spring Testing Scale and the Color 
of the Alphabet and Also the Vibra- 
tion of Color. 




CONTENTS 

No. 

Auger and Picks 16 

Annealing High Speed Steel 40 

Annealing Carbon Steel 39 

Angle Iron Ring 32 

Angle Iron Ring 33 

Angle Steel Ring 34 

Angle Steel Ring 35 

Angle Norway Ring 36 

Angle Norway Ring 18 

Boring Tools 14 

Cold Chisels 3 

Cold Chisel, Track Tools 6 

Chill for Ballbearings 31 

Chemical Tempering 18 

Cast Iron Tools 26 

Case Hardening Tools ... 27 

Drills and Bits 2 

Dies for Thread Cutting 11 

Drill Chilled Cast Iron 24 

Edge Tools 1 

Hardening Compound 25 

Hardening Solution 28 

Hardening Solution 29 

Hardening Solution 30 

Lathe and Planer Tools 15 

Marble Cutting Tools 4 

Physician's Knives 13 

Rock Drills 8 

Razors 9 

Reamers 12 

Spring Testing Scale 41 

Spring Tempering 5 

Stone Cutter's Tools 7 

Taps for Thread Cutting 10 

Table Cutlery 17 

Tempering High Speed Steel 38 

Welding Flux 19 

Welding High Carbon Steel 20 

Welding High Speed Steel 21 

Welding Bessemer and Openhearth 22 

Welding Copper 23 



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